Vegetable Waste Disposal and Management Essay Example

Vegetable Waste Disposal and Management Paper The significance and the related advantages of appropriately overseeing natural waste are still belittled in numerous Philippine districts. That is the reason the Philippines is as yet approaching with trash the executives inclination the entry of Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act. These issues exposed during stormy seasons when their belongings are found as expanded glimmer floods and the multiplication of maladies all through influenced zones. Len general, such destructive impacts to nature and to society can be diminished by appropriate waste administration rehearses. Roper managing natural waste can diminish the potential for ecological contamination while likewise securing the person who is liable for the disposed of materials (Hawkins, 2010). Besides, applying appropriate waste administration rehearses noisy outcome in the decrease of expenses acquired in squander assortment. Distribution Full Text Seth nearness of the natural waste administration issue in Cube City is indicated by the well known presence of open markets. Carbon Market, the citys most seasoned and greatest produce advertise, is one of the essential wellsprings of such waste. Despite the fact that the citys trash is gathered through trucks, just an expected 350 out of 500,000 tons of waste produced every day is gathered and arranged at the Anyway landfill(Archival, 2012). So as to in part address the citys existing issue, the dumping of trash must be diminished such cap reusing must be done at whatever point conceivable. Len association with this, we perceive the way that the high supplement content and biodegradable nature of vegetable waste makes it simpler to reuse. In spite of the worldwide materialness of natural waste administration issue, we regarded it best to examine the circumstance from a nearby point of view. We will compose a custom exposition test on Vegetable Waste Disposal and Management explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Vegetable Waste Disposal and Management explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Vegetable Waste Disposal and Management explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer In particular, we concentrated our investigation on the administration of ruined vegetables in neighborhood open markets. We led this examination decide the strategies for overseeing vegetable waste in Cube Citys open markets that are viable in limiting the dumping of trash that noisy in any case be reused. Applying proficient and powerful vegetable waste administration techniques would deliver a positive effect not just on the salaries Of Cube City open market sellers yet in addition on the Subcutaneously in general and the network in which it lives. Articulation of the Problem The analysts direct this examination to portray the strategies for removal and the executives of vegetable squanders in the open markets of Cube City. In particular, the investigation endeavored to address the accompanying inquiries: a. What amount of vegetable squanders are as of now being discarded in the open markets in Cube City? . What strategy for removal and the board of vegetate passed up the specialists that are liable for the open markets? C. How do open market merchants react to these actualized removal and the board techniques? What are their perspectives and practices towards these strategies? D. What are powerful elective strategies for arranging and overseeing vegetable squanders in the open markets of Cube City? Proclamation of Assumptions It is accepted that the removal of ruined vegetables in the best possible and most beneficial man close to presents issues to open market vegetable embraced, and that these vegetable merchants have their own techniques in discarding ruined vegetables which contrast from market to showcase. It is likewise accepted that the open market region is a factor that influences the strategy fattest administration. Likewise, an ideal strategy for ruined vegetable waste administration exists. Importance of the Study Waste administration is significant for the advancement of the general public since without it, individuals may wind up experiencing their own trash. Concentrating how open markets in Cube City oversee and discard the vegetable squanders would incredibly profit numerous gatherings in the network including the market getable sellers, open market shoppers, Local Government Units, the network and understudies. At the finish of our exploration, we will likewise suggest a few arrangements that would be Of best favorable position to these gatherings: Market Vegetable Vendors This examination intends to enable the open market vegetable sellers to be progressively mindful that the administration and appropriate removal of the vegetable squanders is significant in keeping the market condition sterile and to furnish them with ideal arrangements on their removal issues. Open Market Consumers This investigation will instruct the shoppers about the sterile issues that exist in the vegetable market zone and to illuminate them of the dangers that these issues may present on the tidiness of the vegetables they purchase and thusly, on their wellbeing. Nearby Government Units Through this investigation, the capable government units or specialists would likewise be told on the issue of discarding the vegetable squanders in the business sectors in Cube City and would likewise help them in making activities to take care of the issue. Network By perusing this examination, the network would realize that the best possible administration and removal of vegetable squanders helps in keeping it sound and ell; this may likewise rouse the general public to coordinate in the use of the ideal answer for the clean issues of the vegetable market. Understudies This investigation would edify us, understudies, of the developing should be progressively mindful in the administration and removal of the vegetable squanders as well as squanders as a rule. By perusing this examination, understudies will be progressively mindful that there are genuine issues that require consideration past the four dividers of their study halls.

Helping Young People Learn

Partaking in youth club exercises has given me a rich encounter, which incorporates figuring out how to help and show the youthful. At whatever point we visit a network, we make it a point to spruce up coolly so we can relate effectively with individuals, and give them that we share a great deal for all intents and purpose. This permits them to feel great to impart their thoughts and emotions to us, causing us to comprehend their circumstance all the more clearly. The majority of the networks we visit are made out of poor families, so they typically anticipate that us should give them food, dress, and toys for the kids.Aside from the material things, some portion of our program additionally gives instructional exercise meetings to kids to help in their investigations, and give them a thought of how they can add to the family's money related assets. Especially, I was alloted to coach a gathering of youngsters about the age of thirteen. The young people were not schoolmates in school, however they had a place with just one level, in this way their exercises were the equivalent. Our normal meeting comprised of talking about points in Science and Social Studies, and noting Math issues. 1.As we advanced with our instructional exercise meetings, we turned out to be close, and inevitably, they imparted to me their encounters in school and at home. I discovered that one of them was enduring in class in view of the family’s money related limitations. There were times when her folks needed more cash to back her tasks in school, or give her regular dinner stipend. Given this circumstance, I helped the kid find different approaches to do her ventures. For instance, when they were approached to make a schedule in their Art subject, I showed her how to utilize recyclable materials, for example, hued paper cups, old magazines, and void nibble foils.In the following undertaking that she did, I noticed that she utilized this sort of materials and achieved the venture on her own utilizing other reused assets. In light of this, I felt that the young lady took in something from me with respect to cost cutting when achieving school ventures. Encouraging somebody to be ingenious is critical to upgrade innovativeness too. As indicated by Vaune Ainsworth-Land (1982), there are four classifications of a procedure and its item. The principal class works due to legitimate need. As far as I can tell, we see that we had the option to concoct a decent yield out of the need to make an undertaking at a low cost.In Maslow’s, this class is an essential one, as it incorporates on the possibility of materialistic need. The subsequent classification includes the scientific procedure. Alluding back to our experience, the kid discovered that she could do a ton of things even without spending, and she would get a superior evaluation by reusing materials. In behaviorist hypotheses, this clarifies the operant reaction where the individual is compensated for a decent conduct. The third class includes integrating and innovation.As referenced over, the kid figured out how to achieve ventures utilizing a similar sort of material, in this manner she had the option to apply her insight in different things. This conduct speaks to Koestler's bisociation, on the grounds that the kid had the option to apply the scholarly idea to various angles. The fourth class is â€Å"the extreme type of relatedness,† (Ainsworth-Land, 1982) in which the individual supposedly attains a â€Å"transformed awareness. † Applying this to the circumstance, the youngster that we alluded to would later accomplish this, when she keeps on applying her insight into reasonable terms.Another understudy that I coached experienced issues in taking care of word issues in Math. In view of his conduct, I perceived that his concern stimulated from not having enough persistence to appreciate things in critical thinking. Evidently, perusing issues confounded and exhausted him the second they showed up. To address this issue, I provoked him to envision what was being portrayed in one of their math issues, and represent what he comprehended in it. It indicated that the kid comprehended the issue totally subsequent to representing it, and he had the option to take care of the issue after that.The hypothesis of Situated Learning (1988) by J. Lave clarifies that a youngster can adapt effectively when the specific circumstance and movement depend on his own understanding. To help the youngster in critical thinking, what I did was to arrange him in the movement, and made him a piece of the circumstance by requesting that he delineate dependent on his experience of the issue. Especially, I let him draw the circumstance and didn't direct what was passed on. The movement made the kid communicate better, which additionally prompted rouse him to concoct the right answer.Other scholars, for example, Brown, Collins and Duguid (1989) underscored dynamic recognition ov er ideas and portrayal. Therefore, by outlining, the kid increased a functioning view of what was introduced in the issue. The other kid that I dealt with had issues with his cohorts who harassed him. Because of what his cohorts did to him, he felt hesitant to go to class, and claimed to be wiped out now and again. During our meeting, I asked him first what different young men let him know, and why they called him with frightful words. The kid said that different young men called him names and composed on his notebook.I felt the boy’s torment as he enlightened me regarding the threats of his cohorts, so immediately, I educated his mom regarding the circumstance, and prompted her to talk with the homeroom consultant or the direction advocate in the school. I accept this ought to be taken care of by experts in the school as different understudies were included. Through answering to the instructor and school advocate, the young men were reproved of their prodding, and my compani on felt much improved. Later on, he felt increasingly open to going to class in light of the fact that different young men previously quit prodding him.A parcel of adolescents experience this phase when their companions tormented them in vain. In these cases, the casualty attempts to remain quiet about the circumstance since he is hesitant to make a situation in class, or is undermined by his friends. As per Maslow’s hypothesis of Motivation and Personality (1954), an individual is driven by both inner and outer components. Moreover, one’s inspiration is commanded by his particular needs. In the boy’s circumstance, we can distinguish his requirement for belongingness as the factor that made him disappointed with school.Because this need was not understood, the kid felt hesitant to go to class, consequently the inspiration to go to class was related with his requirement for companions and friendship. At the point when the need was tended to, the hindrance to adap ting likewise crumbled. 2. Beside coaching understudies in their scholastic subjects, I additionally disclosed to them stories to instruct esteems like kinship, trustworthiness, and administration to other people. In one meeting, I disclosed to them a tale, where a hare yielded for another creature. Having recounted to the story, I provoked them to plan something comparable for what the fundamental character did, and recount to their accounts next time.Amazingly, one of the youngsters paid attention to my test, and did what I let them know. He described to us how he helped a man he saw in the city by sharing him some food, and giving him medication to mend the man’s wound. In recounting to this story, the kid communicated how it felt great to do such benevolence, and how the man expressed gratitude toward him with a grin. He maintained that he will do this again once he sees someone else requiring his assistance. Much the same as the character in the story, he said that the b enevolence he demonstrated the man will go far in light of the fact that by helping, he carried want to the man, and caused him to feel loved.The kid included that if others would do likewise, no man will by lying cold in the city. The words the kid expressed mirrored his own acknowledgment dependent on experience. Those words likewise helped me to remember the Good Samaritan, who helped an evil man lying vulnerable. The experience of the kid helped all to remember us, particularly me, of our duty to other people, particularly the poor. With such great Samaritans like the kid, we can see trust in the people to come. 3. The achievement of a group relies upon the exhibition of each member’s role.Applying Meredith Belbin’s (1981) Nine Roles in Team Management, I filled in as the â€Å"specialist† in the instructional exercise meeting for youngsters, showing them how to utilize the Internet as a valuable device for inquire about. Because of the predetermined number of PCs, and my own desire for causing them to figure out how to show others, I at first showed just four understudies to get to the Internet. Thus, these understudies showed their companions and filled in as the â€Å"company workers† who gave crafted by showing others in their community.In one week’s time, we had the option to show a sum of forty-five youngsters how to utilize the Internet in their task and propelled readings. As talked about by Tuckman (1965) in his Stages of Group Development, we depleted the way to arrive at our shared objective of accomplishing learning for the gathering. What's more, we additionally evaluated singular execution by requesting that they make a basic research on their subject of intrigue. During the Performing stage, the â€Å"company workers† or those entrusted to train their friends encountered a few issues in that their companions needed to invest energy visiting gaming sites.This fairly relinquished the motivation behind showing them the utilization of the Internet for look into purposes, however with close observing, the conduct was amended immediately. After the Performing stage, the center gathering was approached to assess what they achieved as far as their own jobs during the preparation. Quite, the understudies felt pleased with having the option to show their companions, and taking a gander at the yields, they appreciated recollections of partaking in other’s learning. References Berguist, Carlisle. (n. d. ) A similar perspective on innovativeness hypotheses: Psychoanalytic, behavioristic, and humanistic.Retrieved January 2, 2008, from http://vantagequest. organization/trees/similar. htm Famous models: Stages of gathering improvement. (2001). Recovered January 2, 2008, from http://www. chimaeraconsulting. com/tuckman. htm Gawel, J

7 Signs of an Office Mean Girl and Why She Acts Out

7 Signs of an Office Mean Girl and Why She Acts Out More in Stress Management Job Stress Workplace Bullying Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress When it comes to the  mean girl phenomenon, it is not limited to the tween and teen years. In fact, more and more mean girls have grown up but have never changed. As a result, they are infiltrating the workforce in growing numbers.  Even though  the Workplace Bullying Institute indicates that men still make up the largest number of bullies in the workforce, there are a number of women who also participate in workplace bullying.??   Signs of an Office Mean Girl Here are seven signs that the women you work with may be mean girls. Office Mean Girls Exclude Others Ostracizing other women at work is a sure sign of an office mean girl.?? These women use relational aggression to socially isolate someone while attempting to increase their own status at work.   Typically, office mean girls are driven by a number of factors including anything from jealousy and a need for attention to a fear of competition.   As a result, they will act as a clique, leaving other women out of lunch dates, meetings, and after-work gatherings. They may even discuss the details in front of those who are being isolated to demonstrate their power. Office Mean Girls Struggle With Envy Usually, these women want what others have, especially at work. And, they are willing to go to any extreme to hurt the person that has what they want.   For instance, an office mean girl might boycott another employee’s ideas, projects or social gatherings. She will even take steps to destroy her target’s reputation and work-related projects. And she is unable to acknowledge anything good about other people due to her struggle with envy. Office Mean Girls Steal Your Work When a co-worker steals your work, this may be due to laziness, insecurity or even incompetence. Whatever the reason, they don’t do their own work, but instead, ride on the success of your work.??   And because they have such a strong desire to get to the top of the corporate ladder, they will do anything to get there including using other people.  It is not uncommon for an office mean girl to befriend someone solely on what she thinks she can get from the relationship. Office Mean Girls Lie, Gossip, and Spread Rumors Office mean girls are often obsessed with what other people think of them. They consider how everything looks to others. As a result, these bullies target others that threaten their status in some way.   For instance, if they believe another woman is threatening their status or position at the office, they have no qualms about attacking her relationally in order to eliminate the perceived threat.  These actions can include making up lies and spreading rumors about her work ethic, her office relationships, and even her personal life. Office Mean Girls Are Serial Bullies These bullies are toxic women who are systematic, controlled and calculated in their approach. On the outside, this office mean girl appears charming and charismatic, but on the inside, they are cold and calculating.  ?? As a result, they tend to inflict emotional pain on their victims over long periods of time.  They also are skilled manipulators. They appear sweet, but this is just another way to manipulate situations to their liking. Girls like these twist facts and situations to make themselves look innocent or to avoid being reprimanded. Office Mean Girls Struggle with Anger Sometimes office mean girls have poor impulse control. They are quick-tempered, tend to yell a lot and may even use profanity. These women also are prone to using direct insults and direct name-calling.   They also may dominate meetings by arguing, criticizing, using sarcasm and spewing insults. And they are not above rolling their eyes and coughing to undermine what other people are saying. 5 Ways to Become More Emotionally Intelligent at Work Office Mean Girls Are Power Hungry These women want to be the ones in control and calling the shots.?? But instead of earning that right through respect and teamwork, they often speak disrespectfully to others, insist on having things their way and put other people and their opinions down.  What’s more, they use the power and control they already have to their advantage. Sometimes, these women are bosses who are bullies. Other times, they have strong personalities, excellent verbal skills or a lot of influence and they use these things to walk over the needs of other people. A Word From Verywell If you are dealing with an office mean girl, it is important to make the most of your current position, that is until you can find a better place. Make sure you respond professionally and keep documentation of what is happening in case you need. But in the meantime, be sure you also get out and meet other people in your industry. Try to build bridges and network as much as you can. And then when the opportunity presents itself, make the move. You cannot expect to deal with an office mean girl indefinitely, so be on the lookout for a better place. How to Recover From Bullying in Your Workplace

Evaluate Functionalists Views on the Role of Functions in...

Evaluate Functionalists views on the role and functions of religion today. Functionalism is a macro theory, which is based on society as a whole, rather than just that of the individual. It is argued that functionalism generates many things for society. Religion, from a functionalist point of view, socialises people, teaching them norms and values of society, which are the basis for social unity. Religion further is a structure within functionalism which aids in influencing individuals lives. Functionalism claims that social solidarity, the uniting of people in society is an important part of maintaining social order, which is a functional pre-requisite for society to survive. In addition, Functionalists use the term, ‘Organic Analogy’,†¦show more content†¦Religion played an important role in the Trobriand Islands as people would only fish in the open sea once performing a religious ceremony, as it was evidently more dangerous. On the other hand, the islanders felt it was unnecessary to pray when in the lagoon. Therefore, Malinowski continued that religion not only reinforced society’s norms and values but also created calmness, enabling them to cope in their daily lives, allowing them to continue to make a living, maintaining social harmony. Malinowski remained in the Trobriand Islands for a long period of time, further developing his ideas on religion. His use of participant observation can be criticised for many reasons. Malinowski, like Durkheim, based his research on a small scale, meaning there was lack of generalisiblity. Additionally, it is largely argued that Malinowski spent too much time there and is argue that he had many sexual affairs with women there, which could suggest his research could be flawed as his original opinions have probably changed and become very different, and this leads to the fact that he may have loss of objectivity, as he had bonded to closely with the participants of the study. Participant observation did however enable Malinowski to gain in depth research, which Web er would call, â€Å"Verstehen†, the empathy gained when using participant observation. Functionalist, Parsons believed that religion acted as a mechanism forShow MoreRelatedOutline and Evaluate Functionalist Views of the Role of the Family in Society.1570 Words   |  7 PagesOutline and evaluate Functionalist views of the role of the family in society. [33 marks] Functionalism is a structuralist theory; this meaning that it sees social structure (the social organisation of society) as more important than individuals. Functionalist sociologists believe that people have a range of basic needs that must be met if society is to run smoothly. Different groups and individuals in society are important because they perform certain functions which meet societys needs. FunctionalismRead MoreFunctionalist View Of The Family1473 Words   |  6 Pagesstudied 250 different societies, he concluded that society could not survive without the family as it was so functional. He argued there were four essential functions, without these society would not survive: sexual, reproductive, economic and education. Without sex and reproduction there would be no new members, without economic and education, the family providing for its members, the young socialised to norms and values, cultures would not exist. In the absence of this human society would cease (Haralambos Read MoreCompare and Contrast Any Two Sociological Theories and Briefly Evaluate Them.2079 Words   |  9 Pagesand contrast any two sociological theories and briefly evaluate them. In the following essay I am going to compare and contrast the theories of marxism and functionalism, looking at the topics of the family and education. Functionalism has a macro-structural approach to society. It looks at society as a whole and is known as a consensus perspective i.e. everyone agrees on social norms and values and people work together to maintain society. These norms and values are learned by social institutionsRead MoreDifferent Sociological Perspectives1915 Words   |  8 Pagesand Evalute The Different Sociological Perspectives On The Types of Family And Households In Britain. Evaluate Their Functions And Roles. To What Extent Do They Take Into Account The Diversity of Family Types In Britain? 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Most religionsRead MoreScly1 Past Papers7036 Words   |  29 Pagesby comparing the impact of different policies/laws or by discussing perspectives on social policy and the family (eg New Right, feminist, functionalist etc) From the examiner’s report: The most successful answers were able to identify relevant policies which had a clear impact on the family, and then used a theoretical framework that helped analyse and evaluate these policies. Weaker answers struggled with one or more of these elements. Typically such students identified a few policies (of which divorceRead MoreThe Contrasting Definitions Of Health And Ill Health2963 Words   |  12 Pagesthat there are more areas to look at when thinking of health than just simply the absence of a disease. It considers the cause of why someone is ill and not just simply about ’fixing it’. 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There are certain beliefs that I have come to through self-evaluation of the scriptures and prayer; others have come through interaction with my family, teachers, peers and other church members. The social institutions that I had and do belong to influence many facets of my life. The culture in which I was raised and am surrounded by today have also shaped my attitude, behavior and abilities. Lastly, society has affected me; to state

Rwandan Genocide A Dark Moment - 1008 Words

3/24/15 Ryan Gatti Research Writing Rwandan Genocide Research Paper The Rwandan Genocide was a dark moment in the modern history of the African continent when long-standing ethnic tensions brought an entire nation to a state of chaos and carnage, in which the government attacked its own people and one neighbor attacked the next. The world, which was slow to respond, allowed many more deaths in Rwanda than what should have happened. After the world’s greatly needed but delayed response, there are many things that we must consider to keep this devastation from happening again. Throughout the Rwandan genocide, the Tutsi were targeted due to ethnic tension and disagreements with the Hutu, resulting in about 500,000 Tutsi killed. To begin with,†¦show more content†¦There were many methods of torture and execution such as slitting throats, stabbing, raping, cutting people into pieces while they were alive, and beating them to death. However they enforced their state of terror on the Tutsis, the Hutus were focused on domination. Moreover, when the genocide started, there were not many solutions applied by other nations. The rest of the world wasn’t very helpful in solving the problem, as it was seemingly not their first priority. Even though there was a need for help in Rwanda, there was considerable fear for the safety of anyone who might embroil themselves into the chaos, â€Å"A U.N. Security Council vote in April 1994 led to the withdrawal of most of a U.N. peacekeeping operation (UNAMIR) created the previous fall to aid with governmental transition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (History). The U.N. Security Council was evidently concerned for the safety of their troops. Since the troops were there to help with the government transition, they were not prepared for the genocide that was occurring. The mass killings were a problem that the world was slow to act in solving after withdrawing the original peacekeepers: â€Å"As reports of the genocide spread, the Security Council voted in mid-May to supply a more robu st force, including more than 5,000 troops. In a separate French intervention approved by the U.N., French troops entered Rwanda from Zaire

J Edgar Hoover Free Essays

string(10684) " with special agent in charge \(SAC\) To ensure compliance and Inspection Division was created Hoover created standardization of work practices Printed form for interview reports Dress code similar for all agents Agents became interchangeable Follow of rules and instructions of Hover’s Manual of Investigations Hoover modernizes National registry of finger prints Training course for new agents \(assisted with public image which was at all time low in 1924\) In 1932 he opened the Bureaus first crime lab Extensive filing system was used New powers 1934 Congress passed 9 crime bills now under federal Jurisdiction Agents could carry guns and make arrests Kidnapping made Federal Offence after Lindbergh case 1933-34 CERN-en wave Frank Nash Known as most successful bank robber in USA during ass’s On 17th of June 1933 he was murdered along with 4 law enforcement agents in a gangs attempt to free him from his prisoner status Union Station, Kansas City Massacre George â€Å"Machine Gun† Kelly Gangster in prohibition era Nicknamed for favorite weapon Most famous crime was kidnapping businessman oil tycoon Rescuer in July 1933 and getting \$200000 ransom Rescuer and Kelly both left considerable evidence for FBI investigation and he was arrested in Memphis on 26th September 1933 John Dillinger Bank robber during depression era His gang robbed 24 banks and 4 police stations Escaped from Jail twice Charged but not convicted with murder of Indiana police officer Eventually shot by Purview’ men and Purview received mass amounts of publicity for this angering Hoover who eventually made him resign Charles â€Å"pretty boy’ Floyd Bank robber His criminal exploits gained a lot of media coverage in asses K illed by policeman Part of Kansas City Massacre Bonnie and Clyde Outlaws and bank robbers during depression era with their gang Their exploits caught attention of public About a dozen bank robberies but Clyde preferred smaller stores and petrol stations Gang killed police officers and several civilians Ambushed and killed by police officer in 1934 Creepy Carpi’s Alvin Carpi’s was part of Carpi’s-Barker gang The gang were one of most notorious during the asses Killed anyone who got in their way even innocent bystanders Spent 26 years in Electoral Prison Ma Barker Mother of several criminals in barker gang Was killed in shoot out with FBI Hoover described her as â€Å"the most vicious, dangerous and resourceful criminal brain of the last decade† Lindbergh Case 20 month old toddler of famous aviator Charles Lindbergh was kidnapped from home n East Mammal New Jersey on 1st of March 1932 Over 2 months later his body was found near the home death by electric chair Bal used their lab to compare ransom notes with Heptagon’s handwriting Bal conducted illegal searches on Heptagon’s home Used this case as example of their successes in modern scientific policing FBI Response â€Å"The whole of the Biâ €™s main thrust was not investigation but public relations and propaganda to glorify its director† Sullivan Hoover chose to systematically eliminate the glorified gangsters who were defaming the government and its laws During the rime wave the public bean to understand the greater need for federal law enforcement to deal with localized crime issues This led to further acts becoming federal offences \(see rising power\) Hoover In The Media A comic strip depicting Hoover was sanctioned by him, it reflected his venture into popular culture and the shift in the publics perception of federal police work Public becoming increasingly interested in Hover’s private life \(eating habits and home life\) Hollywood interpreted Hoover in gangster film in 1935 and his FBI agents were known as government men or G-men 65 movies in 1935 made positive reference to FBI All these movies, comics and radio from time demonstrated the US societies acceptance of the growing role of FBI and its positive role in shaping society Projected them as the good guys Reporters hyped up their image in praising articles Walter Trojan 0 spread writing with elements of high conspiracy in FBI and wrote particularly about incompetence and negative aspects of Hoover and Bureau Role Of FBI Dung Roosevelt Chosen attorney general was Homer Cummings Cummings published a public enemies list that directed against crime wave Hoover left to own devices since Cummings didn’t FBI under attack from conservatives 0 FBI associated with new deal and growing power of federal governments Investigated American Nazis and right-wing critics â€Å"Hoover now welcomed Roosevelt initiative as providing formal presidential authorization for radical investigations† Theories â€Å"FBI expanded tremendously in authority, Jurisdiction and size during Fads first 2 administrationsâ₠¬  Gentry In 1936 FED instructed Hoover to keep him informed of all fascist and communists in USA \(subversive activities\) FED wanted Hoover to discreetly provide this information Hoover used this to increase his surveillance and his ‘Custodial Detention List’ people who should be rounded up in event of war By 1939 Hoover revived his General Intelligence Division Hoover established a school to train linguists Secret intelligence Service Created in 1940 Collected information about German espionage activities in central and south America Censorship Arranged to have all mail open from certain individuals Filed information for personal use \(without president or attorney general knowing\) The ZOOS and Donovan William Donovan appointed by FED to head the Office of Coordinator of Information later named the Office of Strategic Services \(ZOOS\)\) Granted the power to gather information from overseas ZOOS reported directly to Roosevelt Hoover saw Donovan as threat to power so launched investigation in attempt to discredit him Hoover wanted to expand FBI Jurisdiction to be the only US intelligence agency in world Hoover lobbied for ZOOS to be disbanded af ter war FED wanted FBI and British Intelligence to have close relationship but Hoover found the British to support Donovan ZOOS eventually wound down but FBI didn’t get to expand into foreign intelligence Other Within 72 hours of Pearl Harbor attack in December 1941 the FBI arrested 4000 Japanese, German and Italian aliens Mass internment of more then 70,000 Japanese American citizens â€Å"The war helped his reputation as America’s Watchdog – always alert and on guard† Denned and Dixon Post War â€Å"Hoover was more powerful than tan the presidents he served† Painter Harry S Truman 1945-1953 \(D\) Didn’t have good relationship Truman didn’t want personal contact, only though attorney general or aide Truman fired Donovan and abolished ZOOS Consequently Hoover suggested expanding FBI overseas \(Truman had no intention of his\) Truman tried to cut back the FBI budget in 1946 and limit power White House leak Someone in white house leaked information to press about talks between Harry Hopkins and Stalin Truman turned to Hoover to discover culprit FBI set up series of wire taps Republican party had control of congress Truman barred congressmen from FBI f iles Hoover ignored ban and leaked information to congressmen who wanted to advance anti-communist cause \(information acquired illegally\) Communism and Spies â€Å"Make America a great and decent place to live in† Hoover Hoover wanted to show angers of communism and that Truman wasn’t equipped â€Å"Communism in reality is not a political party, it is a way of life, an evil and malignant way of life† Hoover Hoover convinced there was a communist conspiracy to overthrow government Senator McCarthy Accused some of the most influential Americans of being communists â€Å"if there is one communist in the state department, that’s one too many’ McCarthy McCarthy used Hoover as a source of information to support accusations Hoover used McCarthy as tool to advance his regressive agenda McCarthy was getting out of control 0 began to Ritchie Eisenhower for being to soft on communists McCarthy revealed letter from army Hoover denied sending the letter Hoov er ended McCarthy career whilst preserving own In 1954 Hoover complained to president that McCarthy was impending the Ibis investigations of communists 0 Hoover cut McCarthy off from any FBI support McCarthy fell quickly and the senate voted to sanction him â€Å"Hoover didn’t like him, because McCarthy had supplanted the FBI director as the nations chief enemy of communism† Delilah Dwight D Eisenhower 1953-1961 \(R\) Good relationship â€Å"He gave Hoover anything he could have wanted† Powers Hoover sided with Eisenhower \(5 star general in oval office\) when McCarthy was hunting out communists in army Mafia Denied existence of crime organization claiming they were disconnected groups which local police could deal with Mafia involved in gambling and horse racing which Hoover partook in It is believed his denial stemmed from mobsters \(Costello\) who gave him tips on fixed races â€Å"No one would ever know how many raced I had to fix for that bastard† Fr ank Costello â€Å"Hoover was in our pocket, he was not someone we needed to fear† Carmine Lombardi CONTINENTAL Counter intelligence program established 1956 Aim to infiltrate and disrupt activities of communist party in US Series of covert and often illegal projects conducted by FBI 85% of CONTINENTAL resources were used on infiltrating and disrupting suspected subversive groups Other 15% used on marshalling white hate groups Directives issued by Hoover Methods used: infiltration, psychological warfare, harassment, extra-legal force, illegal surveillance John F Kennedy 1961-1963 \(D\) Kennedy reappoints Hoover as director Good relationship with Kennedy \(long term relationship with father\) Robert Kennedy was new Attorney General \(boss\) Tense relationship Bobby wanted to fight organized crime Hoover maintained there was no national crime syndicate Clashed in view of Afro-Americans and civil rights Assassination of JEFF Hoover called bobby to deliver news There is evidence that FBI had information on both Oswald and Jack Ruby which they failed to pass on to secret service or Warren commission Hoover ordered some key files in FBI Dallas office to be destroyed LB\] asked Hoover to complete report Lyndon B Johnson 1963-1969 LB\] waved compulsory retirement age for Hoover â€Å"the nation cannot afford to lose you† LB\] Hoover was extremely loyal to LB\] FBI used to collect political information on Lbs\." In Washington DC Parents Anne Merle and Dickerson Analogy Hoover Sin filed until he was 43 Competed in debate team (against women voting and the abolition of death penalty) Nicknamed speed (stutter) and was applauded by his cool and relentless logic Father suffered from mental illness and was institutionalized â€Å"Instead of sympathizing†¦ Wasn’t kind o his father†¦ Couldn’t bear imperfection least of all in the humans around him especially those who he was closest too† Summers Education Bachelor of Laws from George Washington University Law School in 1916 Masters of Law in same university 191 7 Early Work When he was 18 he accepted his first Job; an entry level position as messenger In the orders department In library of Congress Interest lay In areas with access to Immense amounts of Information â€Å"This Job†¦ Trained me In the value of collating material. It gave e an excellent foundation for my work in the FBI where it has been necessary to collate information and evidence† J E. Hoover Clerk at Justice Department July 1917 Hoover Joined Justice Department as a clerk on legal staff 1917 Wilson had given the Justice Department authorization to apprehend and detain enemy aliens Hoover exempt from conscription with Job Put in charge of gathering information of enemy aliens By late 1917 with spreading of Marxism due to Russian Revolution Hoover began monitoring radicals and communists who supported Bolsheviks Library Job helped him In organizing Information â€Å"He made sure he was valuable to the people above him† Sue Responded Character Puritanical â€Å"He was a tyrant about other things. We will write a custom essay sample on J Edgar Hoover or any similar topic only for you Order Now There was still a strong streak of the puritan in him† Gentry Importance of a good name Concerned about good name (himself/DOS) â€Å"In Washington, during the Harding Administration, the DOS had become known as he Department of Easy Virtue. After a time Hoover simply said he work for the government† Gentry Dedicated professional â€Å"Scrupulousness and loyalty to superiors† Thermals and Cox â€Å"Hoover gave every evidence of being a dedicated professional† Thermals and Cox â€Å"Hoover convinced Stone of the Bureau’s Improved professionalism† Thermals and Cox Hover’s Attitude TO work Long hours Fastidious Collected ‘ever growing files’ Obsessed by files and how to exploit them â€Å"Hover’s own genius was not in innovation but in recognizing good ideas and finding ways to implement them† Theories and Cox Rise To Power Under Attorney Generals A. Mitchell palmer 1919-1921 Hoover appointed as special assistant to Attorney General General A Mitchell Palmer instructed Hoover to establish the General intelligence Division Aimed to crack down on the growing momentum of US radicals, socialists and communists arising from Russian revolution Known as ‘radical division’ Core of anti communist crusades Collected incrimination information June 2nd 1919 Anarchists mailed explosives to 36 prominent business magnates following may day riots These were successful across 12 cities including Palmers home In response the Department of Justice decided on a massive round up of foreigners (32 cities) Hoover the Bureau of Investigation’s resident expert on aliens was put in charge Hoover was given carte balance by Palmer to bring the bombers to Justice and round up all radicals Hoover used his filing skills to record info, including hearsay, rumor and fact on individuals on 450 000 index cards By October 1919 he had collected 60,000 names of people who allegedly radical and potentially dangerous organizations â€Å"He helped develop a card system on individuals and organizations and collected this information to scientifically study people who are radicals† Responded 7th November 1919 was chosen date for nationwide raids After arresting thousands of suspects, 249 radicals sent to Ellis Island for processing Deportees included 51 anarchists, 184 members of FOUR and 14 aliens Hoover and boss saw it as a resounding success for Justice Department of Justice handed 3000 blank warrants 2nd Januar y 1920 Further raids took place and agents under Hover’s supervision entered homes and organizations Arrested over 10,000 people over 33 cities Raids saw many innocent people being treated terribly by agents (beaten, deprived f food, contained in horrible cells, forced false confessions) Public outcry â€Å"Lawless acts of a mob† senate condemned â€Å"FBI had no place in immigration matters † Theories Hoover â€Å"wrote himself out† Responded â€Å"Hoovers files were very self protective as much as they are possible tools for aggression† Claire Potter Harry M. Daugherty 1921-1924 â€Å"He made himself indispensable to the new attorney general† Gentry Had established congressional base of his own Hoover flooded Daugherty with memos and intelligence on radical activities On 22nd August 1921 the new director of the Bureau William J. Burns appointed Hoover assistant chief and in charge of 346 investigators Harlan Fiske Stone 1924-1925 Herbert Hoover recommended hiring Edgar to run Bal Stone dissolved KID and prohibited Bureau wire tapping â€Å"The activities of the bureau are to be limited strictly to investigations of violations of law’ Stone Stone wanted to reduce size of Bureau by hiring more professional agents â€Å"Unlike Daugherty and Burns, Hoover gave every evidence of being a dedicated professional, which point had been repeatedly emphasized by Stone† Theories December 1924 0 Stone ended his prohibition and appointed him permanent erector â€Å"A man of exceptional intelligence, alertness and executive ability’ Stone Why Hoover Remained in Power He belonged to no political party (never voted) He demonstrated loyalty to superiors He was highly qualified for his role Director of the Bureau Reshaping Hoover accept Job with certain conditions: Bureau divorced from politics Promotions only based on a bility (not seniority or nepotism) Bureau was only responsible to attorney general â€Å"He came to an agency known for its apathy and corruption and transformed it into the most sophisticated and best know investigatory agency in the world† Phillips Hoover instructed by Stone for the Bureau to only investigate violations of federal law and to reduce staff by firing incompetents and only lire people with legal or accounting backgrounds â€Å"[Stone was] impressed by Hover’s industriousness and success in recruiting higher quality agents and imposing more rigorous standards of performance† Theories Hoover imposed discipline and accountability through chain of command Divided country in 53 unequal parts with office in each with special agent in charge (SAC) To ensure compliance and Inspection Division was created Hoover created standardization of work practices Printed form for interview reports Dress code similar for all agents Agents became interchangeable Follow of rules and instructions of Hover’s Manual of Investigations Hoover modernizes National registry of finger prints Training course for new agents (assisted with public image which was at all time low in 1924) In 1932 he opened the Bureaus first crime lab Extensive filing system was used New powers 1934 Congress passed 9 crime bills now under federal Jurisdiction Agents could carry guns and make arrests Kidnapping made Federal Offence after Lindbergh case 1933-34 CERN-en wave Frank Nash Known as most successful bank robber in USA during ass’s On 17th of June 1933 he was murdered along with 4 law enforcement agents in a gangs attempt to free him from his prisoner status Union Station, Kansas City Massacre George â€Å"Machine Gun† Kelly Gangster in prohibition era Nicknamed for favorite weapon Most famous crime was kidnapping businessman oil tycoon Rescuer in July 1933 and getting $200000 ransom Rescuer and Kelly both left considerable evidence for FBI investigation and he was arrested in Memphis on 26th September 1933 John Dillinger Bank robber during depression era His gang robbed 24 banks and 4 police stations Escaped from Jail twice Charged but not convicted with murder of Indiana police officer Eventually shot by Purview’ men and Purview received mass amounts of publicity for this angering Hoover who eventually made him resign Charles â€Å"pretty boy’ Floyd Bank robber His criminal exploits gained a lot of media coverage in asses Ki lled by policeman Part of Kansas City Massacre Bonnie and Clyde Outlaws and bank robbers during depression era with their gang Their exploits caught attention of public About a dozen bank robberies but Clyde preferred smaller stores and petrol stations Gang killed police officers and several civilians Ambushed and killed by police officer in 1934 Creepy Carpi’s Alvin Carpi’s was part of Carpi’s-Barker gang The gang were one of most notorious during the asses Killed anyone who got in their way even innocent bystanders Spent 26 years in Electoral Prison Ma Barker Mother of several criminals in barker gang Was killed in shoot out with FBI Hoover described her as â€Å"the most vicious, dangerous and resourceful criminal brain of the last decade† Lindbergh Case 20 month old toddler of famous aviator Charles Lindbergh was kidnapped from home n East Mammal New Jersey on 1st of March 1932 Over 2 months later his body was found near the home death by electric chair Bal used their lab to compare ransom notes with Heptagon’s handwriting Bal conducted illegal searches on Heptagon’s home Used this case as example of their successes in modern scientific policing FBI Response â€Å"The whole of the Biâ €™s main thrust was not investigation but public relations and propaganda to glorify its director† Sullivan Hoover chose to systematically eliminate the glorified gangsters who were defaming the government and its laws During the rime wave the public bean to understand the greater need for federal law enforcement to deal with localized crime issues This led to further acts becoming federal offences (see rising power) Hoover In The Media A comic strip depicting Hoover was sanctioned by him, it reflected his venture into popular culture and the shift in the publics perception of federal police work Public becoming increasingly interested in Hover’s private life (eating habits and home life) Hollywood interpreted Hoover in gangster film in 1935 and his FBI agents were known as government men or G-men 65 movies in 1935 made positive reference to FBI All these movies, comics and radio from time demonstrated the US societies acceptance of the growing role of FBI and its positive role in shaping society Projected them as the good guys Reporters hyped up their image in praising articles Walter Trojan 0 spread writing with elements of high conspiracy in FBI and wrote particularly about incompetence and negative aspects of Hoover and Bureau Role Of FBI Dung Roosevelt Chosen attorney general was Homer Cummings Cummings published a public enemies list that directed against crime wave Hoover left to own devices since Cummings didn’t FBI under attack from conservatives 0 FBI associated with new deal and growing power of federal governments Investigated American Nazis and right-wing critics â€Å"Hoover now welcomed Roosevelt initiative as providing formal presidential authorization for radical investigations† Theories â€Å"FBI expanded tremendously in authority, Jurisdiction and size during Fads first 2 administrationsâ₠¬  Gentry In 1936 FED instructed Hoover to keep him informed of all fascist and communists in USA (subversive activities) FED wanted Hoover to discreetly provide this information Hoover used this to increase his surveillance and his ‘Custodial Detention List’ people who should be rounded up in event of war By 1939 Hoover revived his General Intelligence Division Hoover established a school to train linguists Secret intelligence Service Created in 1940 Collected information about German espionage activities in central and south America Censorship Arranged to have all mail open from certain individuals Filed information for personal use (without president or attorney general knowing) The ZOOS and Donovan William Donovan appointed by FED to head the Office of Coordinator of Information later named the Office of Strategic Services (ZOOS)) Granted the power to gather information from overseas ZOOS reported directly to Roosevelt Hoover saw Donovan as threat to power so launched investigation in attempt to discredit him Hoover wanted to expand FBI Jurisdiction to be the only US intelligence agency in world Hoover lobbied for ZOOS to be disbanded after w ar FED wanted FBI and British Intelligence to have close relationship but Hoover found the British to support Donovan ZOOS eventually wound down but FBI didn’t get to expand into foreign intelligence Other Within 72 hours of Pearl Harbor attack in December 1941 the FBI arrested 4000 Japanese, German and Italian aliens Mass internment of more then 70,000 Japanese American citizens â€Å"The war helped his reputation as America’s Watchdog – always alert and on guard† Denned and Dixon Post War â€Å"Hoover was more powerful than tan the presidents he served† Painter Harry S Truman 1945-1953 (D) Didn’t have good relationship Truman didn’t want personal contact, only though attorney general or aide Truman fired Donovan and abolished ZOOS Consequently Hoover suggested expanding FBI overseas (Truman had no intention of his) Truman tried to cut back the FBI budget in 1946 and limit power White House leak Someone in white house leaked information to press about talks between Harry Hopkins and Stalin Truman turned to Hoover to discover culprit FBI set up series of wire taps Republican party had control of congress Truman barred congressmen from FBI files Hoover ignored ban and leaked information to congressmen who wanted to advance anti-communist cause (information acquired illegally) Communism and Spies â€Å"Make America a great and decent place to live in† Hoover Hoover wanted to show angers of communism and that Truman wasn’t equipped â€Å"Communism in reality is not a political party, it is a way of life, an evil and malignant way of life† Hoover Hoover convinced there was a communist conspiracy to overthrow government Senator McCarthy Accused some of the most influential Americans of being communists â€Å"if there is one communist in the state department, that’s one too many’ McCarthy McCarthy used Hoover as a source of information to support accusations Hoover used McCarthy as tool to advance his regressive agenda McCarthy was getting out of control 0 began to Ritchie Eisenhower for being to soft on communists McCarthy revealed letter from army Hoover denied sending the letter Hoover end ed McCarthy career whilst preserving own In 1954 Hoover complained to president that McCarthy was impending the Ibis investigations of communists 0 Hoover cut McCarthy off from any FBI support McCarthy fell quickly and the senate voted to sanction him â€Å"Hoover didn’t like him, because McCarthy had supplanted the FBI director as the nations chief enemy of communism† Delilah Dwight D Eisenhower 1953-1961 (R) Good relationship â€Å"He gave Hoover anything he could have wanted† Powers Hoover sided with Eisenhower (5 star general in oval office) when McCarthy was hunting out communists in army Mafia Denied existence of crime organization claiming they were disconnected groups which local police could deal with Mafia involved in gambling and horse racing which Hoover partook in It is believed his denial stemmed from mobsters (Costello) who gave him tips on fixed races â€Å"No one would ever know how many raced I had to fix for that bastard† Frank Costello â€Å"Hoover was in our pocket, he was not someone we needed to fear† Carmine Lombardi CONTINENTAL Counter intelligence program established 1956 Aim to infiltrate and disrupt activities of communist party in US Series of covert and often illegal projects conducted by FBI 85% of CONTINENTAL resources were used on infiltrating and disrupting suspected subversive groups Other 15% used on marshalling white hate groups Directives issued by Hoover Methods used: infiltration, psychological warfare, harassment, extra-legal force, illegal surveillance John F Kennedy 1961-1963 (D) Kennedy reappoints Hoover as director Good relationship with Kennedy (long term relationship with father) Robert Kennedy was new Attorney General (boss) Tense relationship Bobby wanted to fight organized crime Hoover maintained there was no national crime syndicate Clashed in view of Afro-Americans and civil rights Assassination of JEFF Hoover called bobby to deliver news There is evidence that FBI had information on both Oswald and Jack Ruby which they failed to pass on to secret service or Warren commission Hoover ordered some key files in FBI Dallas office to be destroyed LB] asked Hoover to complete report Lyndon B Johnson 1963-1969 LB] waved compulsory retirement age for Hoover â€Å"the nation cannot afford to lose you† LB] Hoover was extremely loyal to LB] FBI used to collect political information on Lbs. enemies and to disrupt activities of any groups LB] saw as threats Hoovers inability to change with time was damaging Life magazine cover â€Å"emperor of FBI† Social Unrest â€Å"Civil rights movements grew under Johnson and Hoover saw it as a threat to the American way of life he knew and loved† Denned and Dixon â€Å"Hoover directed massive investigations of radical violence and he forestalled more violence by disrupting and destroying murderous Klan† Powers Hoover used CONTINENTAL to fight these Martin Luther King Hoover installed illegal wire taps and had king under surveillance (revealed king paving an affair) â€Å"King was the most notorious liar in the country’ Hoover As king rose in stature as a black leader, the FBI increased surveillance â€Å"That’s when Hoover starts playing not law enforcement but manipulator of the societies processors† Blakely Hoover initiated campaign to det er people from associating with King Hoover forced to take case of assassination in 1968 (largest manhunt FBI history) Richard M Nixon 1969-1974 â€Å"Onion’s staff considered Hoover a tired old relic who lived entirely in the past† Beardsley Series of leaks regarding North Vietnam 0 led to protests Nixon asked Hoover to find source of leak and gave information of suspects Radical student groups taken over university and set off bombs FBI unable to control Source of tension between Hoover and Nixon 1971 a citizens commission of FBI broke in FBI office in Pennsylvania Stole hundreds of documents of surveillance and wire tapping of suspect groups Public outraged 0 senator Kennedy called for Hoover to resign Hoover dismantled CONTINENTAL and kept low profile Nixon asked Hoover to resign but Hoover refused Nixon froze out Hoover Death 2nd of May 1972 (77) White house immediately tried to find is private files His secretary Helen Candy (1918-1972) hid them in her office then his basement, then destroyed Nixon delivered eulogy Significance and Evaluation Bal instruction manual Bureau chain for command Personal efficiency records Fingerprint registry 1924 â€Å"Centralization of fingerprints, famed FBI laboratory, scientific analysis†¦ Branded him as the father of modern day law enforcement† Delilah Agent education 1928 Crime laboratory 1932 â€Å"Hoover gave America on of the world’s greatest law-enforcement organizations† Denned and Dixon â€Å"FBI internationally respected for its competence and efficiency’ Painter FBI Hoover In Media G-men Magazines Comics Hollywood Homosexuality? Finding the â€Å"real† Hoover Little known of real life Hoover had few friends Hoover ordered destruction of files 3 sets of files Official and confidential 0 contained derogatory information on private lives of presidents, congressmen, senators, government employees and famous people (only ones left) Personal and confidential Bureau files â€Å"The issue of whether or not Hoover and Tolstoy were intimate is not only superficial but a smokescreen to hide Hover’s gross dereliction of duty and hostility to the deals he was sworn to protect† Rosenberg Evaluation Super patriot Portrayed himself as patriotic hero saving USA from gangsters, Nazis, communists, Klan Took credit for making FBI internationally recognized Questions of surveillance and deceit during dictatorship *Dover reflected the assets and liabilities that flow from one person having so much power† Denned and Dixon The FBI Book – Max Allentown 1850 Exposes FBI activities Includes claim Hoov er was secretly aiding HUGH Hoover attempted to prevent publication and denied claims Had agents go to bookshops and ask not to sell Got Journalists to write unfavorable reviews Commercial failure but useful for historians Sensationalism Journalists in early ass claimed FBI was a kind of Gestapo Hoover might have taken bribes from millionaires Some claimed Hoover ignored warning from British about pearl harbor â€Å"Hoover was a homosexual and a transvestites†¦ Was being blackmailed by the mafia† Summers â€Å"He became a symbol of violations of civil liberties and hostilities to civil rights, and that is a tragedy because there was great potential in that man† Powers â€Å"His legacy leaves a great deal to be proud of and a great deal to be ashamed of† Powers How to cite J Edgar Hoover, Papers

The Phoenician Resort Essays - Ancient Near East, Civilizations

The Phoenician Resort INTRODUCTION How can 130 acres of resort "nestle" anywhere, especially in the heart of a thriving metropolis known as "The Valley of the Sun"? Yet, through the combination of landscaping and architecture, this slice of desert heaven does seem to discreetly nestle against Camelback Mountain, its sandstone terraces barely discernible. Even in the heart of Arizona's Sonoran desert, the well manicured landscaping is lush and mature, accented with a scenic cactus garden boasting 350 varieties of blooming succulents that attract colorful desert hummingbirds. Architecture is at once impressive and unobtrusive. The Phoenician Resort, a lavish stretch of desert chic, is home to 18 PGA-approved holes scattered across lush green fairways. The Resort boasts 580 elegant rooms, suites, and casitas; a lighted 11-court tennis complex; seven swimming pools; plus a Centre for Well Being that soothes and challenges body and soul. Restaurants cater to tastes ranging from Mediterranean Country to Southwestern Casual to traditional English tea. A skilled and attentive hotel staff provide impeccable guest service (Rice, 1994). The Phoenician also offers superb meeting facilities with 60,000 square feet of meeting space, a 22,000 square-foot grand ballroom, 21 conference rooms, and two boardrooms. A Business Center, an individualized Butler Program, as well as in-house Audio-Visual and Destination Services Departments cater to a group's and attendee's every need. From the beginning, the Phoenician was envisioned as a resort that would combine the luxury of Europe's top hostelries with the colors, textures, and ambiance of the Southwest. Since its opening in October, 1988, The Phoenician has attracted vacationers, business clientele, and notoriety from around the world. A lobby graced with imported Italian marble, Persian rugs, crystal chandeliers, soft carpets, deep couches, gold leaf detailing, and mile-high flower arrangements flown in from Europe and Hawaii (Davis, 1993) suggests more than an ordinary luxury hotel. Each of the Phoenician's luxurious guest room accommodations have a view, including the Resort's two 3,200-square-foot presidential suites that come complete with baby grand piano, gourmet kitchen, formal dining room, casual living room with fireplace, and 24-hour butler service. With Charles Keating's monogram erased from the middle of the stunning lobby's star burst-pattern marble floor, and in the hands of new owners Sheraton ITT, The Phoenician is an ode to success, not wretched excess (Reinman, 1994). What continues to make The Phoenician successful is its ability to carry out its simply stated goal: provide guests with unparalleled luxury service. Certainly, well refined organizational communication skills are necessary in order to accomplish this goal successfully. This portion of the observation plan focuses on the effectiveness of communication between the Resort and the customer in understanding the customer's needs and expectations for a group function, as well as the effectiveness of communication between the Resort management and employees in successfully meeting the customer's needs and expectations for a group function. Additionally, the observation plan looks at the forms of feedback received from customers after an event, which w! ould assist the Resort in providing continued superior service in future events. OBSERVATIONS Pre-Conference Meeting Focusing on the written, verbal, and non-verbal communication within the Convention Services and Banquet Operations Departments, I attended a pre-conference meeting with the guest/group representatives of the International Association of Convention and Visitors Bureau (IACVB) and The Phoenician management. Each department affected by the scheduled event was represented, including both the Resort and General Manager. In a spacious, well pointed meeting room set up with water service, refreshments, writing tablets and pencils, hotel participants convened prior to the arrival of the guest/group representatives. Resort staff members resembled cast performers in a long running Broadway play, made up to appear larger than life in the production they were about to take part. Fashionably dressed in conservative business attire, well groomed, and with bright, attentive gazes, each participant arrived well versed with the Group's Resume, as well as the Time and Event Schedule for a! total of 182 individual events, each of which had been distributed to the departments prior to the pre-conference meeting. At the formal start of the meeting, Mr. Steve Therriault, Convention Services Manager, introduced Ms. Wendy Shapiro as the guest/group representative for the IACVB, and he introduced the local representative from the Phoenix Convention and Visitors Bureau. Ms. Shapiro profiled the IACVB as a global organization, representing